Volume V Special Issue VI December 2025

Name of Author : Diya Philip

Title of the paper : Indias Energy Transition: Challenges, Policy Evolution, and Pathways Toward a Sustainable Low Carbon Future

Abstract: India stands at a critical point in its shift toward a sustainable and low carbon energy future. As national energy demand continues to rise, the country faces the dual challenge of enhancing energy security while meeting its climate commitments, including the target of achieving 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030. This study examines the status of Indias energy transition, analysing the evolution of policy frameworks, the current energy mix, and the socioeconomic, technological, and infrastructural barriers that influence the pace of change. Findings reveal that while India has made considerable progress in expanding solar and wind capacity, persistent dependence on coal, disparities in clean energy access, and inadequate grid and storage infrastructure continue to hinder deep decarbonization. The analysis highlights the importance of strengthening policy implementation, accelerating investment in energy storage technologies, and promoting decentralized and community driven renewable systems. Indias experience provides important lessons for other developing nations, demonstrating that a fair, effective, and sustainable energy transition must integrate technological innovation, strong governance, and inclusive socioeconomic development. The study concludes that Indias pathway to a low carbon future depends on aligning climate action with equitable growth, ensuring that the transition is both environmentally sustainable and socially just.

Keywords : Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Sustainable Energy Transition, Climate Action, Energy Policy, Energy Mix, Water Energy Nexus

DOI :

Page Number : 150-156